Neuroplasticity: The brain's ability to reshape itself
- Editor .
- Feb 2
- 3 min read
The history of plasticity can be traced back to 1890 when American psychologist William James first mentioned the term "plasticity" in relation to the nervous system. However, the term "neural plasticity" was attributed to Polish neurophysiologist Jerzy Konorski in 1948 and popularized by Canadian psychologist Donald O. Hebb in 1949.
Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to experience and environmental changes. This concept is crucial to understanding learning, memory, and how the brain responds to injury, and it also shows great potential in the treatment of emotional disorders. The core of this concept is that the brain is not static, but is able to adjust its neural connections as learning and experience accumulate. This adjustment is not only in the brains of infants or young people, but also in the adult brain.
There are two main types:
Structural plasticity : This refers to the fact that the connections between neurons change as a result of learning. For example, when you learn to play the piano, the neural pathways associated with music become stronger and may even form new connections.
Functional plasticity : This refers to the brain's ability to adjust the physiological properties of neurons as needed. For example, if one area loses function due to injury, other areas may take over its tasks to compensate for the loss.
Imagine a secondary school student preparing for a public exam. They need to remember a large amount of information, such as mathematical formulas and historical events. Through repeated practice and use of memory techniques, the brain gradually strengthens the relevant neural connections, making this knowledge easier to recall. This is a concrete manifestation of neuroplasticity.
Another example is an elderly person receiving rehabilitation therapy after a stroke. Through physical therapy and cognitive training, their brain can reorganize to restore lost movement or memory function. This rehabilitation process relies on the ability of neural plasticity, which allows the brain to adapt to new situations.
The method to enhance neuroplasticity is simple
As we age, our nerves gradually decline, but there are ways to promote their development:
Physical exercise : Studies have shown that regular exercise is not only good for physical health, but also for brain health. For example, in Hong Kong, many people take fitness classes or participate in outdoor activities, which not only keep them physically active but also improve their cognitive abilities.
Cognitive stimulation : Learning new skills or engaging in social activities can promote brain plasticity. For example, taking a language class or an art workshop not only increases your interest, but also exercises your brain.
Balanced diet : A nutrient-rich diet is essential for maintaining brain health. In Hong Kong, eating more fruits, vegetables and whole grains can help provide the necessary nutrients to support brain function.
Get enough sleep : Good sleep quality is essential for enhancing neuroplasticity. It is recommended that adults sleep 7 to 8 hours a night to promote brain repair and regeneration.
Regardless of age, our brains have the ability to change and adapt. By actively engaging in physical activity, cognitive training, and healthy eating, we can enhance this ability, thereby improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of physical and mental illness. In a rapidly changing city like Hong Kong, understanding and using neuroplasticity will help us continue to grow and develop throughout our lives.
